VOL1_ADAK ET ALII

Neue Inschriften aus Side

Mustafa ADAK –  Ebru N. AKDOĞU-ARCA – Mehmet OKTAN   89–122 | Download

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Abstract: Excavation and restauration activities in the Pamphylian city of Side in the last two decades have furnished us with a host of new inscriptions, of which 26 are presented here: No. 1 is a late Hellenistic decree for a Roman patron; he seems to be one of the Valerius Flaccus brothers, who governed Asia as legates in the late nineties of the 1^st cent. BC. No. 2 is another decree for a prominent Roman patron, namely Sextus Iulius (Caesar), a relative of the dictator. The appointment as patron falls into the short period when Sextus Iulius Caesar governed the province of Syria as proquaestor pro praetore (July 47–mid 46 BC). In the Constantine period the theatre of Side was embellished, with statues of both members of the imperial family and prominent citizens from the past being set up in the stage area. The inscriptions nos. 3–4, 10 and 28, found in the ruins of the scenae frons, seem to belong in this context. The archiatros Marcellus honoured in no. 4 is identified with the famous Sidetan doctor of the Antonine period, who was familiar with the emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. Other statues belonged to a certain Olympionike (no. 10) and to Kreon (no. 4). The revised document no. 28 is the third known honorary decree set up by the city for Helena, mother of Constantine the Great. The lavish honours bestowed on Helena may be connected with her financial support for repair work in the theatre. Another epigraphic text from the theatre contains an acclamation of Side as the mother of the synhodos of the Dionysian technitai (no. 6). This important document from the 2^nd or 3^rd cent. AD shows another aspect of the well-known rivalry between Side and Perge. The epigram no. 7 is a dedication erected in honour of two kitharists from Aphrodisias, who had come off as winners in the Agon mystikos. This international festival was perhaps created at Hadrian’s initiative. Of older date and reserved for citizens of Side, the agon in honour of the goddess Themis was connected with the epibaterion festival of Athena and symbolised the annual opening of the shipping season. It was created by L. Avidius Maximus in the 1^st cent. AD. No. 8 is a dedication of the wrestler Demoneikos to Athena, Themis and the Demos. Demoneikos seems to have won a prize in the agon of Themis in the category of paides. In the Severian period this agon seems to have been replaced by the agon of Touesianus, that now was open to all Pamphylians. The base no. 9 set up in the context of this agon extols the boy Aur. Menneas from Aspendos and [Lyr]be, who as successful wrestler was honoured with the citizenship of Side. He won the Touesianic Agon ἀπτώς as well as ἀμεσολάβητος, i.e. «without having been caught in a waist lock». Argaios dedicated some altars to his native city in the imperial period. No. 11 is one of the pedestals where the name of Emperor Hadrian and his title «Augoustos» are cut in quasi-cursive letters. No. 12 is a dedication to Asklepios, nos. 13 and 14 are 3^rd-century AD altars for Athena, Artemis and Zeus Soter. The use of the same altar for both Athena and Artemis may reflect the homonoia created by Gordianus III between the two rival cities of Perge and Side. The small altar no. 15 belongs to Zeus Koryphites, attested for the first time. The epithet of Zeus is closely connected with Koryphe, mentioned in the Customs Law of Asia as the city harbour of Side. Koryphe apperas to have been the name of the whole promontory on which Side was located. The grave stelae nos. 16–19 from the Hellenistic period were found in the ancient harbour of Side. Since they feature personal names in the Pamphylian dialect (otherwise not attested in Side), they seem to have been brought from the neighbouring city of Aspendos. The funeral monument of Athenades (no. 20) belongs to the same tomb as ISide no. 195. No. 21 mentions repair work on the grave monument of Hypsistos. The phrase [καύ]στραν σὺν τῇ κ[ιόνι] points to a cinerarium that stood on a round or square pedestal. The inscription no. 22 is engraved on a monumental marble column which must have stood on the city’s main street and was a gift of Olympis, who adorned it with a standing male figure. The inscription below the figure calls him Varus, who might have been a relative (maybe the husband or father) of the donator. Further names of donors are mentioned in the inscriptions nos. 23 and 24 on column bases. The last two new inscriptions at the bottom of both a lamp and a plate reveal the names of the owners of these household objects (nos. 25–26).

Keywords: Side; Pamphylia; city patrons; theatre; acclamation; festivals; dedications; donations; owner names.

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